What Is Breast Cancer
What Is Breast Cancer , How to identify in first stage ? Cancer is a type of disease defined by the uncontrolled division of cells at one or more locations in the body.
Cancer -This abnormal growth can affect a person’s health in a variety of ways. It can physically interfere with the functions of organs, replace functional cells, or cause imbalances in nutrients or wastes.
In severe cases, this impact can be fatal. In fact, cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, with an estimated 1 in 6 deaths caused by some form of the disease in 2018. There are thought to be more than 200 different kinds of cancer. Historically, these are divided up into five or six different major categories, distinguished by the type of tissue in which they form.
Carcinomas, for example, start in tissues that line the body on the inside or the outside, such as the skin or the gut.
Lymphomas start in the lymph nodes and glands of the immune system, while sarcomas appear in supportive and connective tissues, like muscle and cartilage.
Bone marrow cells mostly give rise to leukaemia, although a type of white blood cell in the marrow, called a plasma cell, also gives rise to myelomas.
Cells in the brain and nervous system, such as those making up the supportive ‘glial’ cells, can form a type of cancer called a glioblastoma.
But today we discuss about breast cancer because it is the cancer that people feel shy to say it presific women .
Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a kind of cancer that begins as a growth of cells in the breast tissue.
After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. But breast cancer doesn’t just happen in women. Everyone is born with some breast tissue, so anyone can get breast cancer.
Breast cancer survival rates have been increasing. And the number of people dying of breast cancer is steadily going down. Much of this is due to the widespread support for breast cancer awareness and funding for research.
Advances in breast cancer screening allow healthcare professionals to diagnose breast cancer earlier. Finding the cancer earlier makes it much more likely that the cancer can be cured. Even when breast cancer can’t be cured, many treatments exist to extend life. New discoveries in breast cancer research are helping healthcare professionals choose the most effective treatment plans.
TYPES –
Angiosarcoma
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)
Inflammatory breast cancer
Invasive lobular carcinoma
Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS)
Male breast cancer
Paget’s disease of the breast
Recurrent breast cancer
symptoms –
- A breast lump or thickened area of skin that feels different from the surrounding tissue.
- A nipple that looks flattened or turns inward.
- Changes in the color of the breast skin. In people with white skin, the breast skin may look pink or red. In people with brown and Black skin, the breast skin may look darker than the other skin on the chest or it may look red or purple.
- Change in the size, shape or appearance of a breast.
- Changes to the skin over the breast, such as skin that looks dimpled or looks like an orange peel.
- Peeling, scaling, crusting or flaking of the skin on the breast.
When to see a doctor
If you find a lump or other change in your breast, make an appointment with a doctor or other healthcare professional. Don’t wait for your next mammogram to see if the change you found is breast cancer. Report any changes in your breasts even if a recent mammogram showed there was no breast cancer.
Causes
The exact cause of most breast cancers isn’t known. Researchers have found things that increase the risk of breast cancer. These include hormones, lifestyle choices and things in the environment. But it’s not clear why some people who don’t have any factors get cancer, yet others with risk factors never do. It’s likely that breast cancer happens through a complex interaction of your genetic makeup and the world around you.
Healthcare professionals know that breast cancer starts when something changes the DNA inside cells in the breast tissue. A cell’s DNA holds the instructions that tell a cell what to do. In healthy cells, the DNA gives instructions to grow and multiply at a set rate. The instructions tell the cells to die at a set time. In cancer cells, the DNA changes give different instructions. The changes tell the cancer cells to make many more cells quickly. Cancer cells can keep living when healthy cells would die. This causes too many cells.
The cancer cells might form a mass called a tumor. The tumor can grow to invade and destroy healthy body tissue. In time, cancer cells can break away and spread to other parts of the body. When cancer spreads, it’s called metastatic cancer.
The DNA changes that lead to breast cancer most often happen in the cells that line the milk ducts. These ducts are tubes designed to carry milk to the nipple. Breast cancer that starts in the ducts is called invasive ductal carcinoma. Breast cancer also can start in cells in the milk glands. These glands, called lobules, are designed to make breast milk. Cancer that happens in the lobules is called invasive lobular carcinoma. Other cells in the breast can become cancer cells, though this isn’t common.
Medicines and operations for those with a high risk of breast cancer
If you have a high risk of breast cancer, you might consider other options to lower the risk. You might have a high risk if you have a family history of breast cancer. Your risk also might be higher if you have a history of precancerous cells in the breast tissue. Talk about your risk with your healthcare team. Your team might have options for lowering your risk, such as:
- Preventive medicines. Using estrogen-blocking medicines can lower the risk of breast cancer in those who have a high risk. Options include medicines called selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors. These medicines also are used as hormone therapy treatment for breast cancer.
These medicines carry a risk of side effects. For this reason, they’re only used in those who have a very high risk of breast cancer. Discuss the benefits and risks with your healthcare team.
- Preventive surgery. If you have a very high risk of breast cancer, you may consider having surgery to lower the risk of breast cancer. One option might be surgery to remove the breasts, called prophylactic mastectomy. Another option is surgery to remove the ovaries, called prophylactic oophorectomy. This operation lowers the risk of breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
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